Mapping Social Cohesion and Identity in Intercultural Public Spaces: The Case of Germantown

Across the world, the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has challenged urban systems and structures, highlighting societal vulnerabilities within cities, and uncovering systemic inequalities among their communities. At the same time, the measures enacted in response to the pandemic revealed the important role of social interactions and cohesion in supporting resilient communities during challenging times. We know that strong social ties among various communities, particularly in intercultural cities can promote civic engagement and participation. However we do not know enough about the mechanisms, processes, places, and tools that create these social ties. We need more insight on how people create opportunities for equitable planning and recovery from unexpected and potentially catastrophic events. This chapter examines the role of urban public space in developing and maintaining social ties, focusing on intercultural communities during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Our focus on interculturalism is influenced by Levrau and Loobyuck's (2018) definition, which gives special attention to the contact between people of different backgrounds and shared community memberships. Interculturalism creates a new paradigm based on the idea of interpersonal contact as a tool to create a stronger sense of societal belonging. To this end, we pose the following question: can social interactions, identity, and cohesion in public spaces be mapped spatially as a means to document and identify community resilience in the intercultural urban context? This will help us understand how public spaces support the people and communities around them, as places of gathering, well-being, and civic expression. This work will shed light on the role of public space in developing and maintaining strong social ties in intercultural communities at the neighborhood level. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Enhancing Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Resilience: A Study of Pharmaceutical Companies in Multiple Geographies

Background: Pharmaceutical businesses had enormous difficulties in product distribution during COVID-19, and the solution to this perpetual issue is a resilient supply chain. Aim(s): The study aims to understand the vulnerabilities to which it subjected the pharmaceutical product distribution supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic and further develop an adaptive model through which the pharmaceutical product supply chain can enhance its resilience capabilities. Material(s) and Method(s): The conceptual model is developed for the supply chain of pharmaceutical companies based on the literature survey, and then the conceptual model is explored through factor analysis. Researchers have developed a validated model after a statistical analysis using Cronbach's alpha. Subjective analysis has concluded that the pharmaceutical supply chain's resilience is driven by factors such as "trade cost," which comprises transport cost, business practices, and raw material sourcing cost;"shock propagation," which comprises country-specific shocks, production shocks, and policy changes;and "technological infrastructure bottleneck," which relates to the availability of cold chain storage warehouses and refrigerated transport vehicle facilities. Result(s): An empirical model pertaining to supply chain resilience may be further studied with different geographies, like Pune, Hyderabad, and Delhi NCR, for the purpose of generalizing the study. Conclusion(s): The identified major factors were trade cost, shock propagation, and technological infrastructure bottlenecks. The sensitivity of the issue under investigation required a personal touch to the survey, as the COVID-19 pandemic had left these respondents emotionally vulnerable. As COVID-19 is the recent catastrophe that has hit humanity, it has made the pharmaceutical product distribution channel vulnerable during the pandemic. This difficult time of pandemic has really tested the pharmaceutical products' supply chain capabilities as well.Copyright © 2023, Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India. All rights reserved.

Judicial protection of the right to health in the context of Covid-19 and populism in Brazil

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has brought new challenges to the health systems of Latin America. However, the institutions and mechanisms created by the Social State of Law were unable to confront these new risks. As a result of that, populist governments have used this crisis as an opportunity to deepen the high levels of inequalities through the appropriation of power, wealth and social welfare. Courts have also reacted in order to guarantee the right to health;however, many challenges remain. Objective: To examine the challenges and opportunities of the judicial protection of the right to health in the context of Covid-19 and Populism in Brazil. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive and exploratory. Documentary research was carried out by reviewing databases such as Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Indexed articles, jurisprudence, legislation, and literature were also reviewed. Additional publications were also identified through other sources. Results: There is an inversely proportional relationship between the intensity of the crisis and the level of judicial activism on the part of the Courts. Therefore, the more the scale and intensity of the crisis generated by populist governments in the context of pandemics, uncertainty, and inequality the more reflexive, and strategic courts should be and the more protection, defense and monitoring should be promoted in order to ensure the fulfilment of the right to the highest attainable level of health especially of the most vulnerable. On the other hand, the more compliance through the availability of health goods and services, and the more availability of health workers with better salaries, social security and working conditions the more resilient the State will be to face emergencies, which at the same time will promote fewer restrictions on fundamental rights. Conclusions: Courts play a special role in protecting the right to health, especially in the context of emergencies and crises. States must adopt measures by using the maximum available resources in order to protect the right to the highest attainable standard of health.

From Precariously Managing Risks to Building Social Resilience: The Safety of Women Journalists in Brazil

Attacks on journalists and the media in Brazil have a long history but have become even more problematic through the use of social media, particularly following the election of Jair Bolsonaro as president in 2019. In times of industry restructuring and coronavirus pandemic, the systematic attacks on individual journalists and on the media by Bolsonaro and his associates are posing unprecedented challenges, and are part of a pattern of abuse to suppress media freedom and discredit journalists' work. This article focuses upon journalists' abilities to access different types of capital to anticipate, cope with, and create options to overcome perceived threats and generate positive outcomes. This study builds upon the works of Voss (Behemoth-A Journal on Civilisation 1 (3): 39–56, 2008), Obrist, Pfeiffer and Henley (Progress in Development Studies 10 (4): 283–293, 2010) and Hess' (Communication Theory 23 (2): 112–130, 2013) "mediated social capital” to advance understanding of the nexus amongst risk, vulnerability and social resilience, and examines structural inequalities in and through the media. By employing a mixed-methods approach, we combine the results of a survey and in-depth interviews with high-profile figures of leading newspapers and professional bodies in the country. The findings open up possibilities on how news media's "mediated social capital” might enhance women journalists' capacity to move from vulnerability to social resilience, improving their safety. [ FROM AUTHOR]

Educational responses to the challenges of the COVID-19 global pandemic: online provision and its consequences for the social resilience of minority communities

Social resilience can be defined as the individual's willingness to mobilise for the communal good, combined with the ability of societal institutions to both resist and adapt to changing conditions. Social resilience has become increasingly important as we respond to the challenges the COVID-19 pandemic poses to education. As individuals, we are expected to act for the communal good by wearing masks, following social distancing and allowing contact tracing. At the institutional level, education providers have responded to the current situation to a great extent by rapidly moving education online. However, online education provision has connotations which threaten the quality of education provision for minorities (ethnic, religious, and others). This paper looks at potential scenarios of online education disadvantaging minorities and suggests principles which can guide socially resilient education transformation in response to crises like the global COVID-19 pandemic.

The Social Resilience of Women in Coastal Villages of East Java during the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the living conditions of rural women in coastal areas of East Java became increasingly difficult. The aim of this study is to reveal the important roles of women and their social resilience to survive during the pandemic. This research was conducted in poor coastal villages in the province of East Java, namely: 1) Surabaya City with multicultural characteristics;2) Situbondo Regency with Javanese–Madurese mixed cultural characteristics and 3) Tuban Regency with Javanese cultural characteristics. The subjects of this study were married women who have children. Data collection was conducted for 2 months (June-July 2021) using a structured interview technique (questionnaire) with 185 respondents and an in-depth interview technique with 18 informants, including women and local leaders. The results of this study indicate the "coping” and "adaptive” capacities of women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although women's work in these coastal villages was categorized as unskilled work generating little income, women were still working to overcome the direct threat of the pandemic through available resources such as skills, time, family, and neighborhood ties. However, this study shows only a few capacities of the "transformative” type, whereby women have access to assets and assistance from wider social and political networks. This study shows a strong patriarchal culture influencing the lives of poor coastal rural women, but also reveals that the role of women was very important in maintaining family health and meeting income shortages for family needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022,Journal of International Women''s Studies. All Rights Reserved.

Patali Gumbira Empowerment Strategy as an Effort to Build Women's Resilience in Responding to the Social Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Responding to the increase in women's burdens as a result of COVID-19 has become the focus for the Patali Gumbira empowerment program. The focus of this study is to identify strategies to build women's resilience in response to COVID-19 based on their social capital of knowledge, experience, and aspirations. This study uses a Feminist Participatory Action Research (FPAR) approach, which explores how women are often central in maintaining the lives of their families and communities. The findings in this study indicate that the empowerment of Patali Gumbira is a means for building women's social resilience through the framework of the education system, structured advocacy, and economics. Patali Gumbira works to 1) strengthen women's leadership capacities and build their networks with the Family Welfare Program's women's organizations in the village public sphere, 2) provide advocacy training to understand, prevent, and handle cases of violence against women, and 3) offer hairdressing soft-skill training as an opportunity to create sustainable business services run by women. These are strategies to strengthen women's resilience and build a sense of belonging for women to work together to overcome the social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022,Journal of International Women''s Studies. All Rights Reserved.

Psychological resilience: A conceptual framework

Purpose: The significant effect of the COVID-19 pandemic epidemic was unprecedented. Corona Virus (COVID-19) spread across the globe very quickly, and it has caused widespread concern, fear and stress among the people. Sadness, low mood, poor sleep, hopelessness or aimlessness, isolation, loss of income, low work output, fear, depression, tiredness, stress, and work pressure during work from home are some of the triggering factors of mental health conditions. Pandemics led to mental disorders or complications among the people. The study aims to determine how resilient people overcome challenges using their core strengths and abilities. Methodology: Psychological Resilience is the mental or emotional ability of humans to cope with a crisis, conflicts, problems, issues, or challenges and return to normal or earlier situations speedily. Psychological Resilience strengthens humanity and supports the system to work for life's goals, overcome negativity, challenges, and adversities, and work through problems. The study has proposed a conceptual framework or model for being more resilient in day-to-day business, which will help individuals develop their strengths and capabilities and achieve desired goals. Findings: The study has suggested the actions such as regular exercise, yoga & meditation, good relationships with peers, avoiding stress, change management, feasible goals, positivity, relevant actions, searching for opportunities, networking & communication, building confidence, long term stability, self-actualization needs, etc. to be more resilient. Conclusion: Being resilient is the skills and abilities we can learn, polish, sharpen and develop a never-late-go attitude. Setting SMART goals and continuous motivation helps us become more resilient during distress situations and daily business activities. Last, it is always better to be more resilient for better future results or prospects. © 2022 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

The local-wisdom-based social capital for strengthening social resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic

Indonesia is renowned for its diversity and various local wisdom that live and flourish among the society. In preventing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic especially when the Implementation of Restrictions on Community Activities (PPKM), the people of the Special Region of Yogyakarta employ an adaptive mechanism consisting of the manners and ways of behaving, acting, and serving in the social order. The local wisdom emerges from the knowledge of the local culture and establishes the wisdom of individuals, groups, and society. The objective is to describe the people's condition, analyze the social capital and explain the social resilience of the people. The current study is a descriptive qualitative study and adopts a phenomenology to find meaning in society. The research location is in Sleman Regency, more precisely in Pogung Rejo, Sinduadi Village, Kapanewon Mlati. The process of collecting data by observation, interviews, and documentation. This study finds that society appears in social behavior and actions to strengthen social resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study concludes that social resilience has been built in the people of the Special Region of Yogyakarta with its local wisdom has been embedded in the community.

The homeless population during the COVID-19 syndemic: Inequities, practices of social resilience, and social reintegration strategies.

This paper analyses the amplification of social insecurity and the social misrecognition of the homeless during the COVID-19 syndemic. The research was carried out in the city of Bergamo (IT), which has been severely affected by the COVID-19 syndemic since the early months of 2020; the research was developed in two phases. The first one analyses the practices of social resilience activated during the COVID-19 syndemic by the socio-educational staff and the coordination figures who work in the support services. The second phase analyses the different social dynamics that can improve the wellbeing and social reintegration of the homeless from a long-duration perspective. During the first months of 2020, the public authorities failed to pay attention to homeless people who slept on the streets and who lived in communities or found support in night shelters. The support services had to activate immediate emergency response strategies and subsequently had to produce and purchase protective devices for operators, guests and those who remained on the street. Faced with this process of social misrecognition, the support services for homeless people reacted by activating practices of social resilience. These practices have investigated the dimensions of daily interactions and the symbolic and value configurations connected to them. However, directly conversing with the homeless, it emerges that to achieve full social reintegration and to prevent new forms of social misrecognition, in the event of future social or health crises, the relationship with a non-stigmatized social community is fundamental. Consequently, the primary objectives that the support network for homeless people should set for future projects should involve the local community through project participation activities and raise awareness of the phenomenon of poverty.

What Makes Urban Communities More Resilient to COVID-19? A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.

It has been more than two years since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic at the end of 2019. Many scholars have introduced the "resilience" concept into COVID-19 prevention and control to make up for the deficiencies in traditional community governance. This study analyzed the progress in research on social resilience, which is an important component of community resilience, focusing on the current literature on the impact of social resilience on COVID-19, and proposed a generalized dimension to integrated previous relevant literature. Then, VOSviewer was used to visualize and analyze the current progress of research on social resilience. The PRISMA method was used to collate studies on social resilience to the pandemic. The result showed that many current policies are effective in controlling COVID-19, but some key factors, such as vulnerable groups, social assistance, and socioeconomics, affect proper social functioning. Some scholars have proposed effective solutions to improve social resilience, such as establishing an assessment framework, identifying priority inoculation groups, and improving access to technology and cultural communication. Social resilience to COVID-19 can be enhanced by both external interventions and internal regulation. Social resilience requires these two aspects to be coordinated to strengthen community and urban pandemic resilience.

Can Translational Social Neuroscience Research Offer Insights to Mitigate Structural Racism in the United States?

Social isolation and conflict due to structural racism may result in human suffering and loneliness across the life span. Given the rising prevalence of these problems in the United States, combined with disruptions experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, the neurobiology of affiliative behaviors may offer practical solutions to the pressing challenges associated with structural racism. Controlled experiments across species demonstrate that social connections are critical to survival, although strengthening individual resilience is insufficient to address the magnitude and impact of structural racism. In contrast, the multilevel construct of social resilience, defined by the power of groups to cultivate, engage in, and sustain positive relationships that endure and recuperate from social adversities, offers unique insights that may have greater impact, reach, and durability than individual-level interventions. Here, we review putative social resilience-enhancing interventions and, when available, their biological mediators, with the hope to stimulate discovery of novel approaches to mitigate structural racism. We first explore the social neuroscience principles underlying psychotherapy and other psychiatric interventions. Then, we explore translational efforts across species to tailor treatments that increase social resilience, with context and cultural sensitivity in mind. Finally, we conclude with some practical future directions for understudied areas that may be essential for progress in biological psychiatry, including ethical ways to increase representation in research and developing social paradigms that inform dynamics toward or away from socially resilient outcomes.

Modeling the resilience of social networks to lockdowns regarding the dynamics of meetings

Modern societies are facing more numerous and diverse hazards than ever before, and at an ever-increasing pace. One way to face such catastrophes and dampen their potential harm is to enhance the resilience of social systems. Achieving such a goal requires a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying social resilience. We tackle this issue by simulating dynamic social networks based on the Jin-Girvan-Newman model, and investigate how quickly such networks recover after a lockdown. We first find that the recovery time increases with the strictness of the lockdown, but quickly saturates. Next, we study how the recovery time depends on characteristics of the network. The recovery time is independent of the network size, decreases fast with the rate of random meetings (inverse dependence), and increases with the rate of meeting break-ups. The dependence of the recovery time on the rate of social meetings depends on the maximum number of meetings occurring per time step. Our results suggest that more open, trustful and cohesive communities are more resilient. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Promoting social resilience in service communities: a molecular biology perspective

Purpose This research aims to examine pathways for providers to facilitate social resilience in service communities to promote collective well-being and engagement. Design/methodology/approach Using abductive and metaphorical analysis, this study develops insights leveraging: the transdisciplinary field of molecular biology where 150 years of research demonstrates how cells build resilience through clustering together in a hostile environment;and case data collected with nonprofit service communities to help ground and elaborate upon the metaphorical analogues of cellular concepts. Findings This analysis uncovers the emergent processes of communal protection, communal adaptation and communal training within customer-to-customer service interactions. Findings identify novel drivers, such as the sharing of vulnerability markers and pre-training for community stressors, as well as pathways through which social resilience within service communities promotes habitual and transformative value, as well as collective well-being. Practical implications Service leaders can build upon the ideas in this research to understand the nature of social resilience and to intentionally design communal experiences and interactions that promote greater well-being and brand engagement. Originality/value The recent COVID-19 pandemic, along with the UN Development Goal for building a more resilient society, highlights the acute needs for a deeper understanding of social resilience. However, resilience-related research in marketing primarily focuses on individual-level coping. This research provides a deeper understanding of the drivers and outcomes of social resilience in service communities and offers a catalyst for future research on the topic.

How Do Collective Efficiency and Norms Influence the Social Resilience of Iranian Villagers Against the COVID-19? The Mediating Role of Social Leadership.

The main purpose of the present research was to investigate the effects of collective efficacy and norms on the social resilience against the COVID-19 with the mediating role of social leadership. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Kerman and Fars provinces of Iran. Finally, 206 villagers were selected as the sample for collecting the required information. The research tool was a close-ended questionnaire whose validity and reliability was evaluated and confirmed. The results of testing direct hypotheses using structural equation modeling revealed that collective efficacy, social leadership, and norms had significant positive effects on social resilience against the COVID-19 pandemic. Comparison of the standardized effects demonstrated that collective efficacy is the most powerful predictor of the social resilience of villagers. Furthermore, testing indirect (mediation) hypotheses revealed that social leadership can successfully mediate the effect of collective efficacy on social resilience against the COVID-19. Investigating the moderated indirect hypotheses showed that governmental supports moderated the effect of collective efficacy on social resilience. Taken together, the independent variables could account for 62% of social resilience variance change. In the end, the practitioners, decision-makers, and interveners of the COVID-19 management programs in rural communities were provided with some applicable recommendations to be able to foster social resilience against the COVID-19.

Musicking on Balconies: Resilience in Times of COVID-19.

This article analyses the musicking phenomenon on balconies during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. Based on an extensive qualitative analysis, the experience of performing, sharing, and listening to music from and on balconies is presented as a socially resilient response. A desire to help and assist others was the driving force for performers;the networks created around the musical experience promoted feelings of collective empowerment and were conducive to forming new patterns regarding people's membership of, and identification with, their community. The analysis of the musicking phenomenon on balconies makes a case for using social resilience as a tool for the social analysis of pandemics. This can be focused on the complexities of social responses to large crises, and advocate the role of the arts as spaces for boosting new forms of social trust. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Este artículo analiza la musicación de los balcones durante el primer confinamiento provocado por la COVID-19 en España. A partir de un amplio análisis de corte cualitativo, se presenta la experiencia de interpretar, compartir y escuchar música en los balcones como una respuesta socialmente resiliente. La motivación para interpretar música nació de la voluntad de asistencia y ayuda;las redes tejidas en torno a la experiencia musical estimularon reacciones de empoderamiento colectivo, ayudando también a nuevos procesos de identificación con la comunidad de pertenencia. El análisis de la musicación de los balcones reivindica el concepto de resiliencia social como herramienta para el análisis social de las pandemias, orientando la atención hacia la complejidad de las respuestas sociales ante las grandes crisis, y defendiendo el interés de considerar a las experiencias artísticas como espacios donde se pueden sentar las bases para el impulso de nuevas formas de confianza social. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociologicas is the property of Centro de Investigaciones Sociologicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Social resilience of indigenous community on the border: Belief and confidence in anticipating the spread of COVID-19 through the Besamsam custom in the Dayak community.

The Dayak indigenous community has belief and confidence in taking a stance and taking actions towards a situation and circumstances that affect their social life. This belief is based on their customs and traditions passed down from generation to generation until now. The Dayak traditional custom is a form of social resilience for the community on the border to anticipate the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has become a problem in all aspects of community lives. Despite facing various issues and difficulties in dealing with the pandemic, the indigenous Dayak community in Indonesia has managed to survive and resolve these problems. In dealing with the social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Salako Dayak indigenous community on the Indonesia-Malaysia border carried out a traditional ritual called Besamsam. The indigenous Salako Dayak community believes this ritual boosts the social and psychological resilience of the Salako Dayak indigenous community. The research findings showed that the Besamsam ritual had changed people's beliefs about lifestyle, behaviour and perceptions in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. The Besamsam ritual can specifically affect the community's personalities, attitudes and actions towards the spread of COVID-19. Indigenous peoples have become easier to organize, dynamic, empowered, resilient, motivated to meet their needs, and capable of facing various challenges and social problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings prove that indigenous communities psychologically have strong confidence in their customary beliefs rather than cautionary advice from outside their community. The social impact of the Besamsam custom can serve as a model of awareness and a driving force for indigenous peoples' elements to work cooperatively to break the chain of COVID-19 spread.

Physically apart but socially connected: Lessons in social resilience from community gardening during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Urban green spaces, like community gardens, received increased attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing from an ethnographic study on participating in community garden activities in Edmonton, Canada and inputs from 194 gardeners and 21 garden coordinators, this paper captures the experiences of creating community during a pandemic. Garden coordinators had to rethink and rework their operating styles in keeping participants physically apart but socially connected. Participants confirmed that garden activities provided respite from the pandemic restrictions. Findings also indicate that some participants missed group activities like work bees and potlucks while others were able to re-create community in digital spaces and in chanced and informal interactions. This study draws from and subsequently contributes to the existing literature on social resilience provided by community gardens during and after a crisis event. It also provides policy recommendations on how the city administration can help facilitate garden activities during times of disruptions.

How American college students understand social resilience and navigate towards the future during covid and the movement for racial justice.

The COVID-19 pandemic and crisis around racial injustice have generated compounded macro-level stressors for American society that negatively impact mental health and wellbeing. We contribute to understanding the impact of these crises by examining the process of developing social resilience, which we conceptualize as a temporally-embedded process of sense-making through which actors activate a sense of dignity, agency, and hope in the face of challenges to sustain wellbeing based on available resources. We interviewed 80 college students (aged 18-23) living in the American Northeast and Midwest before (September 2019-February 2020) and during (June-July 2020) the pandemic to analyze how they make sense of crises, respond to challenges, and project themselves into the future. We compare "privileged" upper-middle class youth who have families with more resources to buffer themselves against growing uncertainty, with "less privileged" youth from lower-middle and working class families. Efforts to achieve a sense of dignity, agency, and hope amidst widespread uncertainty illuminate opportunities and constraints in the process of building social resilience, which take different temporal forms across the two class groups given their experiences and resources.

Educational responses to the challenges of the COVID-19 global pandemic: online provision and its consequences for the social resilience of minority communities

Social resilience can be defined as the individual's willingness to mobilise for the communal good, combined with the ability of societal institutions to both resist and adapt to changing conditions. Social resilience has become increasingly important as we respond to the challenges the COVID-19 pandemic poses to education. As individuals, we are expected to act for the communal good by wearing masks, following social distancing and allowing contact tracing. At the institutional level, education providers have responded to the current situation to a great extent by rapidly moving education online. However, online education provision has connotations which threaten the quality of education provision for minorities (ethnic, religious, and others). This paper looks at potential scenarios of online education disadvantaging minorities and suggests principles which can guide socially resilient education transformation in response to crises like the global COVID-19 pandemic.